From Thompson Reuters News: The GPS-tracking devices - similar to tags used to keep tabs on sex offenders - detect when an abuser gets too close and trigger an alert to a private security firm, which tells him to back off. If the man refuses, police are called.

Is it effective? Such systems are already in use in Spain and the United States and have been piloted in Britain and Australia, but women's activists and researchers say the technology has limitations.

France has one of Europe's highest femicide rates and 146 women were killed by their partner or a former partner in the country last year, up from 121 in 2018, according to Interior Ministry data.

But critics said the French system was flawed because both abuser and victim must give their consent to be tracked, unlike in some other countries, where the victim is not tagged. This could leave victims open to manipulation or coercion, they warned.

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